Causes and risk factors of myeloma
What are risk factors?
There are certain things that can increase the chance of developing myeloma. These are called risk factors. Having a risk factor does not mean you will get cancer. And not having risk factors does not mean you will not develop it.
If you are worried about myeloma and would like to talk to someone, we're here. You can:
- Call the Macmillan Support Line on 0808 808 00 00.
- Chat to our specialists online.
Age
Myeloma is more common in older people over 65. It is rare in people under 40.
Ethnicity
Myeloma is more than twice as common in black people than in white people.
Gender
Myeloma is more common in men than in women.
Family history
People who have a close family member (such as a parent, brother or sister) with myeloma have a slightly increased risk of developing it.
A weakened immune system
A weak immune system increases the risk of developing myeloma. Some conditions, such as HIV, reduce immunity. People taking medicines to weaken (suppress) their immune system after an organ transplant are also at a higher risk.
Autoimmune disease
Autoimmune diseases cause the body’s immune system to attack healthy cells in the body. These autoimmune disorders slightly increase the risk of myeloma:
- Pernicious anaemia
- Haemolytic anaemia
- Lupus.
Being overweight
Being overweight may increase the risk of developing myeloma. Keeping to a healthy body weight may reduce the risk of myeloma and other cancers.